Simpozion ştiinţific naţional "Roma şi Provinciile dunărene de la Augustus la Traian" (2)

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http://www.hunedoaramea.ro/simpozion-national-roma-si-provinciile-dunarene-de-la-augustus-pana-la-traian-la-muzeul-din-deva/

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Comitetul de organizare:

Dr. Iosif Vasile Ferencz, Cercetător ştiinţific II, MCDR Deva

Dr. Cristina Bodó, Cercetător ştiinţific III, MCDR Deva

Dr. Marius Gheorghe Barbu, Arheolog, MCDR Deva

Dr. Gică Băeștean, Cercetător ştiinţific, MCDR Deva

Comitetul ştiinţific al simpozionului

Dr. Alexandru Diaconescu, Profesor universitar, UBB Cluj-Napoca

Dr. Aurel Rustoiu, Cercetător ştiinţific II, IAIA Cluj-Napoca

Dr. Mariana Egri, Profesor asociat, UBB Cluj-Napoca

Dr. Horea Pop, Cercetător ştiinţific II, MJIA Zalău

Manager

Liliana Ţolaş

PROGRAM

Marţi, 16 mai 2017

10,00-11,30 – Deschiderea oficială

Cuvânt de bun-venit din partea Managerului MCDR

Cuvânt de bun-venit din partea organizatorilor

Cuvânt de bun-venit din partea Comitetului ştiinţific

11,30- 12,30 – Vizitarea expoziţiilor MCDR

12,30 – 13,30 – Deplasare la Sarmizegetusa

13, 30-14,00 – Cazarea participanţilor la Motel Sarmis

14,00- 15,30 - Masa de prânz

16,00-20,00 – Prezentare lucrări

20,30 – Cina

Miercuri, 17 mai 2017

8,00-9,00 – Micul Dejun

9,30–14,00 - Prezentare lucrări

14,00–15,30 - Masa de prânz

16,00 -20,00 - Prezentare lucrări

20,30 – Cina

Joi, 18 mai 2017

8,00-9,00 - Micul Dejun

10,30 – 13,00 - Vizită în situl arheologic

13,30-15,00 - Masa de prânz

Plecarea participanţilor

COMUNICĂRI

Marţi

16,00 - 20,00

Moderatori: Aurel Rustoiu, Ana Hamat

Alexandru Diaconescu

THE GRAND STRATEGY AND THE BUILDING POLICY OF EMPEROR TRAJAN

Andreea Maria Drăgan

THE IMPACT OF THE ROMAN ADVANCE IN THE IRON GATES FROM AUGUSTUS TO TRAJAN

Iosif Vasile Ferencz, Adrian Căsălean

LUXURY GOODS IN SOUTH-WESTERN TRANSYLVANIA DURING THE DACIAN KINGDOM TIMES. CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN THE ARDEU DACIAN HILLFORT

Cristian Roman, Cristina Mitar

THE RECYCLING HABIT  IN THE DACIAN MILIEU. HUNEDOARA CASE

18,00 - 18,30 Pauză de cafea

Moderatori: Alexandru Diaconescu, Carmen Ciongradi

Aurel Rustoiu, Iosif Vasile Ferencz

A BLACKSMITH FROM AQUILEIA AT THE DACIAN ROYAL COURT

Cristina Bodó

ROMAN INFLUENCES IN THE AREA OF THE DACIAN KINGDOM’S CAPITAL

Sebastian Matei

ROMAN IMPORTS IN PREROMAN DACIA. BRONZE ITEMS DISCOVERED IN THE CURVED CARPATHIANS AREA

Miercuri

9,30 – 14,00

Moderatori: Horea Pop, Silvia Mustață

Liviu Petculescu

THE ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT AT BURIDAVA (OCNIȚA, VÂLCEA COUNTY). II.

Marius Barbu

DACORUM FALCIBUS BETWEEN TRADITION AND INNOVATION

Călin Timoc

SEXTUS JULIUS FRONTINUS INFLUENCE OF THE BEGINNING OF EMPEROR TRAIANUS REIGN

Oana Tutilă, Nicolae Cătălin Rişcuţa, Costin Daniel Ţuţuianu       

AN EARLY ROMAN GRAVE FROM ROŞIA MONTANĂ

11,30 – 12,00 - Pauză de cafea

Moderatori: Mariana Egri, Gică Băeştean

Adrian Ardeț, Lucia Carmen Ardeț

ROMAN PRESENCES AT THE END OF THE 1^ST CENTURY – BEGINNING OF THE 2^ND AT TIBISCUM

Horea Pop

TRACES OF THE WARS BETWEEN THE DACIANS AND THE ROMANS IN ȘIMLEU DEPRESSION

Silvia Mustață, Szilamér-Péter Pánczel

LUGGAGE OF THE NEWCOMERS. MATERIAL REMINISCENCES OF THE FIRST CENTURY FROM ROMAN DACIA

16,00 - 20,00

Moderatori: Liviu Petculescu, Sebastian Matei

Gică Băeștean

DESPRE INCHEIEREA CELUI DE-AL DOILEA RAZBOI DINTRE ROMANI SI DACI SI CONSECINTELE ACESTUI EVENIMENT

Anca Timofan, George Bounegru,

CANABAE LEGIONIS XIII GEMINAE/MUNICIPIUM SEPTIMIUM APULENSE – THE SOUTHERN SECTOR (ST. FRANCIS DE PAOLA RAVELINE)

Mariana Egri, Anca Timofan, George Bounegru

TITULI PICTI ON DRESSEL 24 SIMILIS AMPHORAE FROM APULUM (ALBA IULIA, ROMANIA)

18,00 – 18,30 Pauză de cafea

Ana Hamat

ABOUT CONQUERORS, CONQUERED AND JEWELRY IN THE I- II CENTURY AD. ON THE LOWER DANUBE AREA (WITH A SPECIAL REGARD ON ROMAN PROVINCES OF DACIA, MOESIA SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR)

Carmen Ciongradi

DER ANFANG VON COLONIA DACICA SARMIZEGETUSA WIEDERSPIEGELT IN IHREN STEINMONUMENTEN

Emilian Bota

LE CHAPITEAU CORINTHIEN DANS LA PREMIÈRE MOITIÉ DU DEUXIÈME SIECLE EN DACIE

The National scientific colloquium

Rome and the Danubian provinces from Augustus to Trajan

 -ABSTRACTS-

1. Alexandru Diaconescu

THE GRAND STRATEGY AND THE BUILDING POLICY OF EMPEROR TRAJAN

Almost all historians agree that Trajan was a great conqueror and a man of action, but most of them also credit him with a fierce ambition to overpass in glory his predecessors, and above all his father’s achievements. If, after 1,900 years we are to evaluate the whole of his activity, it becomes obvious that Trajan was not motivated by personal impulses, nor that he served the senatorial Spaniard faction that promoted him to imperial power. He was a man of great vision who acted in the interest of larger groups within the ruling class of the Roman Empire. His conquests (Dacia, Arabia, Armenia, Assyria, and Mesopotamia) were dictated not only by strategic reasons, but also by economic interests.

Large sections of the Roman society benefited from his policy (only to mention the institutiones alimentariae).  Using the spoils from Dacia Trajan built in Rome one of the 7 wonders of the ancient world, the forum Trianai and the „Mercati di Traiano”.

Following the conquests he accomplished a naval and terrestrial communication system which was meant to give a decisive impulse to international commerce. In order to facilitate the navigation and the transfer of troops along the Danube he cut the channel at Djerdap and finished the road through the canyon of the Iron Gates, thus connecting classis Flavia Moesica and the classis Pannonica. Then he had the architect Apollodorus of Damascus build the bridge over the Danube at Drobeta, another great engineering achievement of the ancient world. Trajan also dug the new monumental harbor at Ostia, connecting Rome to the international sea commerce. In Orient Trajan made the channel between Nile and the Red Sea, the famous Traianon,  the forerunner of the Suez channel, who favored the commercial fleet of Alexandria, the second city of the Roman Empire.

Under the patronage of Trajan the road system in the newly conquered province of Dacia, including the section of the trail from the Black Sea to the Atlantic coast, was finished in a few years. After the annexation of Arabia, the via nova Traiana, connecting the Red Sea with the Black Sea, was also accomplished. Above all by defeating the Parthian Empire Trajan opened of the „silk road” through Palmyra and on the Euphrates. This important route was not abandoned after his death. 

Last, but not least, Trajan was the founder of several colonies in North Africa, on the Rhein, and above all on the Lower Danube, including colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa.

      2. Andreea Maria Drăgan

THE IMPACT OF THE ROMAN ADVANCE IN THE IRON GATES FROM AUGUSTUS TO TRAJAN

From the south, the Romans advanced more and more towards the Lower Danube beginning with 168 BC, gradually bringing the local political structures under its control. From the west, the fall of Siscia in 32 BC is considered to be the decisive event in the advance towards the end sector of the Middle Danube. The impact of these movements is evidenced in the Iron Gates both by the social-political dynamics and artefacts structure. In the absence of detectable funerary behavior, outside the borders of the empire the settlements provide the main data. At the same time, in the area controlled by the Romans the funerary sites provide an image of the social changes brought in by the new military sites. Both suggest a world of communication amidst increasing military encounter. The presentation will focus on the archaeological aspects of this special position of the Iron Gates at the crossroads of various political and social realities, particularly considering that for almost a century the Iron Age continued its characteristic structures on the eastern bank of the Danube, yet not isolated from the Roman immediate vicinity.

3. Iosif Vasile Ferencz, Adrian Căsălean

LUXURY GOODS IN SOUTH-WESTERN TRANSYLVANIA DURING THE DACIAN KINGDOM TIMES. CONSUMPTION PATTERNS IN THE ARDEU DACIAN HILLFORT

The interaction of Transylvanian area with the “outside world” was facilitated by the existence of some natural communication routes which were continuously used during several historical periods. One of the most commonly used communication routes went along the Mureş valley. The river was navigable up to modern times Alba Iulia (ancient Apulum) in antiquity and also in the Medieval Age. It allowed direct connections to the Tisza River and then to the middle Danube. Together they formed a regional network of communication having a great social-political, cultural and economic importance.

Cultural and economic relations were established between various communities living in Transylvania and different Mediterranean areas since prehistory. One period which was characterized by intensive exchanges corresponds to that in which the influenced and power of the Dacian leaders increased significantly.Among the relevant archaeological evidence is the great number of coins issued by the two Greekcities that were allies of the Romans, which were found in Transylvania. At the same time, a larger number of Roman goods arrived in Transylvania at the end of the 2 century BC and during the 1 century BC. These included different kinds of metal vessels whose mainconsumers weremembers of the local aristocracy.

The Roman trade with the northern Balkans region increased and became more diverse during the following period and until Trajan’s Dacian campaigns. This was more likely a consequence of the opening of some direct routes of communication from the northern Italy to the middle Danube basin, passing the Ocra Pass and following the Sava and Drava rivers at the end of the 1st century BC.

4. Cristian Roman, Cristina Mitar

THE RECYCLING HABIT  IN THE DACIAN MILIEU. HUNEDOARA CASE

The main aspect of the paper focuses on different kinds of contacts between Romans and the people inhabited the Barbaricum area with the special reference to the areas of the Dacian culture. The political and economic background of these contacts are stressed. Each category of Roman imports ( the distribution of finds, the time and possible circumstances of the affluence) as well as their co-occurence on the defined area are analyzed and the conclusions are diverse.It is well known that the latest research in Hunedoara highlighted new Dacian power centre abundant in Roman imports. Our paper will analyze an artifact discovered in a Dacian context, during a rescue excavation on Viilor no 4, in an atempt to discuss the „recycling” habit of the barbarians.

5. Aurel Rustoiu, Iosif Vasile Ferencz

A BLACKSMITH FROM AQUILEIA AT THE DACIAN ROYAL COURT  

Comments regarding the relations between Dacia and the northern Italy and the south-eastern Alpine zone in the 1^st century AD

Among the older discoveries coming from the ancient Dacian royal capital at Sarmizegetusa Regia, now Grădiştea de Munte (Hunedoara County), is a carpentry tool made of iron which bears the producer’s stamp Lucius Herennius. This stamp belongs to a workshop own by a well-known family of merchants and manufacturers, the Herennii from Aquileia in north-eastern Italy. They were specialized in manufacturing and trading iron goods between Italy and the eastern Alpine region, developing an extensive network of trading representatives in key commercial centres throughout the entire region between the late 1^st century BC and the 1^st century AD.

Due to this stamp, the artefact in question has always been considered an Italic import. Still, from the same site at Grădiştea de Munte comes a nearly identical carpentry tool which displays an incomplete or failed manufacturing stamp. Its features could indicate that the tool was produced by a workshop from Sarmizegetusa Regia. Furthermore, its presence could also suggest that the workshop might have been a branch opened by the family of Herennii from Aquileia in the area of the Dacian royal capital, perhaps by sending over a skilled artisan. The presence of various craftsmen originating from the northern Italy and the eastern Alpine region in pre-Roman Dacia is already attested by other discoveries (workshops and half-finished and finished goods of different kinds).

Thus our presentation is going to discuss a series of aspects related to the presence of such goods in the area of the Dacian capital, like the high degree of mobility that characterised certain categories of specialized craftsmen, the connection between an increased mobility of these people and particular social-political events from this region and the mechanisms of technological transfer from one cultural space to another resulting from these interactions.

6. Cristina Bodó

ROMAN INFLUENCES IN THE AREA OF THE DACIAN KINGDOM’S CAPITAL

The area of the Dacian Kingdom’s Capital was receptive at various influences from Mediterranean world. The material resources of the potentates from this region allowed the import of luxury items, but also firing of craftsmen from the Hellenistic and Roman space, the adoption of such elements – all of these having a decisive influences on the aspect of the local civilization.

In this paper we will underline the main fields in which the Roman influence can be discerned, mostly in the first century BC.

7. Sebastian Matei

ROMAN IMPORTS IN PREROMAN DACIA. BRONZE ITEMS DISCOVERED IN THE CURVED CARPATHIANS AREA

            In this presentation the author will discuss several bronze artifacts found in the Dacian sites from Pietroasa Mică – Gruiu Dării, Cârlomănești and Tîrcov, as well as their discovery contexts. The categories of items to be detailed are: bronze brooches (fibulae) – which are the most numerous among the discovered items, buckles, elements or fragments of belts of the so-called Norico-Pannonian style, bronze vessels fragments (simpulum or situale). These bronze items can be dated in the second half of the 1^st c. BC and the 1^st c. AD.

8. Liviu Petculescu

THE ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT AT BURIDAVA (OCNIȚA, VÂLCEA COUNTY). II.

I published in the papers of the Marburger Kolloquium 1994 the military equipment discovered during the archaeological excavations in the Dacian hill-fort at Ocnița.

In the present lecture I shall deal with another lot of 22 Roman military objects fond in and, probably, around Ocnița hill-fort by a detectorist, which are now in the custody of the county museum of Rn. Vâlcea. Among these items there are all the categories of the 1^st century AD military equipment: weapons and armour (5 pieces), personal equipment (7 pieces), cavalry and horse equipment (10 pieces). So in this lot there are : 1arrowhead and 4 lorica segmentata hinges, 2 belt buckles, 1 moulded bar of a belt plate, 1 button-and loop fastener, 1 strap fastener, 2 buttons, 1 spur, 3 junction loops, 1 strap fastener female, 1 silvered strap mount, 1 saddle plate, 1 lunate- and 1 phallic pendants.

Even if these items are few, they complete the range of Roman military objects found at Ocnița so far. At variance with the pieces published in 1994 which are “imported” or captured goods used by the Dacians, it seems that at least part of the items presented in this lecture belonged to the Romans. Remarkably is also the relatively large number of cavalry equipment pieces suggesting that the Roman army besieging Buridava included a contingent of cavalrymen.

9. Marius Barbu

DACORUM FALCIBUS BETWEEN TRADITION AND INNOVATION

The conquest wars of the Dacian Kingdom highlighted the fact that Decebal's warriors  used curved weapons, which remained an ethnic symbol of the Dacians even after these events. Even though the curved weapons have been a tradition for centuries in the arsenal of Thracian populations, the characteristics of the Dacian swords at the end of the Dacian Kingdom seem to indicate that these weapons were designed to fight back against the Roman military system. The fact that the  majority were discovered around the capital of Orăştie Mountains, indicates that the phenomenon was controlled. The appearance in the same area of some metal pieces described as  bill-hooks but having functional features very similar to curved swords seems to strengthen the previous statement.

10. Călin Timoc

SEXTUS JULIUS FRONTINUS INFLUENCE OF THE BEGINNING OF EMPEROR TRAIANUS REIGN

We know too well the history of the reign of the great M Ulpius Traianus, the first emperor of not-italic origin and the fact that, he was surrounded by skilled and loyal people, who helped him to push out of the crisis the Roman Empire and bring prestige and prosperity. However, the contribution of these people around the Emperor are less known and sometimes they are invisible because of its bright image of Optimus Princeps and of the imperial cult. One such character was the famous senator Sextus Julius Frontinus, a perfect intellectual of his time, with bright ideas, technical and military knowledge and has played a key role in supporting the reign of Emperor Trajan in the early years of Augustus position.

11. Oana Tutilă, Nicolae Cătălin Rişcuţa, Costin Daniel Ţuţuianu

AN EARLY ROMAN GRAVE FROM ROŞIA MONTANĂ

This paper is going to discuss an early cremation grave from Roşia Montană (the ancient Alburnus Maior).

In the first decade of the 2000s, the National Research Programme “Alburnus Maior” was developed at Roşia Montană, in the perimeter of the gold mines from Roman Dacia. Five cremation cemeteries and two funerary areas have been researched on this occasion, alongside the Roman mining galleries.

So far, the largest Roman necropolis from Alburnus Maior was excavated at Ţarina. In the southern part of the investigated area of this cemetery, some of the earliest graves were unearthed. Among them, the one named M28 distinguished itself by a rich and special funerary inventory: three cups, two lamps, a knife, six unguentaria, a stopper and a brooch, all put together with the ash and cremated remains in a wooden case. The majority of the grave-goods are common objects, often found in the graves from Alburnus Maior, except the stopper and the Dalmatian type brooch, which dates the feature at the beginning of the Roman rule in Dacia. The C¹⁴ analysis performed on the wood of the box points to a similar chronological framing, as well.

12. Adrian Ardeţ, Lucia Carmen Ardeţ 

ROMAN PRESENCES AT THE END OF THE 1^ST CENTURY – BEGINNING OF THE 2^ND AT TIBISCUM

Formation of the Classis Pannonica fleet in the time of Vespasian, after the year 75 A.D., represented a danger for Dacian Kingdom.

The wars that took place during Domitian, respectively the battle from Tapae in 88 A. D. brings into discussion the problem of the battle field and also the problem of the Roman presence in Banat. Nearby Tibiscum, at Tincova there is known a treasure of Republican Roman coins.

Roman evidences which should prove the existence of constructions in Domitian times are not known. The last archaeological discoveries made in Tibiscum in the first Pre - Roman or Roman phases brought into light the existence of some wooden construction, dated by provincial coins issued in Teba, Greece, and dated during Domitian times. For the moment we cannot date with much accurateness these buildings.

Certainly, during Trajan’s times was built the fortification from Zăvoi, which can be chronologically framed in 101-102. The Roman Military Camp from Zăvoi (450m x 450m) can belong to a Roman legion. At 300m east from the Roman Military Camp built out from ground were discovered the remains of a Roman villa, which has a system of baths and three praefurmium. This building and of course these baths are no longer used after 126 A.D. in time of Hadrian. Also in Zăvoi were discovered two Roman bricks with the stamp PR COS, like the ones from Sarmizegetusa Ulpia Traiana.

13. Horea Pop

TRACES OF THE WARS BETWEEN THE DACIANS AND THE ROMANS IN ȘIMLEU DEPRESSION

The fortification from Stârciu is situated cca. 3 km S-S-E of the village, near the Meseș Mountains, on a hill known by the locals as Cetățuie (RAN 141.562.06 code, LMI SJ-I-s-B-20250 code). This settlement is known in the bibliography starting with the beginning of the 20^th century, and than later, at the middle of the century, in the repertoire of Prehistorian M. Roska. The hill top, inhabited in the Dacian period, has to access ways. The fortification is of the type known as a promontory barred from two sides. From the Ragului Valley the access way was barred by two ditches with a massive earth vallum behind them and on the other side, were the access was made through the highest points of the mountains, the access way was barred by four similar ditches and vallums. The space protected by the fortification (the three artificial terraces) have a surface of cca. 0.36 ha. Two other terraces of cc.a 0.5 ha are disposed extra vallum towards the pass through Meseș Mountains,, but there is no evidence of inhabitation in the Dacia era. The disposition of the fortification in front of the Meseș pass, created by the Ragului Valley, suggests a frequent use of this route in bewteen the Crasna and Agrij basin, which was controlled and overseen through the building of this fortification at Stârciu. Not accidently, in the Roman period, a fort is being built at Buciumi, right across the Dacian fortification of Stârciu. The archaeological surveys carried out in 1969 revealed elements of a palisade in the trenches crossing the vallum. The archaeological material discovered there date the fortification from the end of the 2^nd c. BCE to the 1^st c. CE. Among these artifacts there are iron nails and bolts belonging to ballista projectiles. Such offensive weapons were discovered during the surveys carried out in 2015, with the occasion of the building of a forrest road which crossed the fortification. We presume the the ballista bolts can be linked with the conquest of Dacia by Trajan. Similar artifacts were discovered also in the Dacian fortifications of Măgura Moigradului, Marca and Șimleu Silvaniei.

14. Silvia Mustață, Szilamér-Péter Pánczel

LUGGAGE OF THE NEWCOMERS. MATERIAL REMINISCENCES OF THE FIRST CENTURY FROM ROMAN DACIA

The Roman goods produced in specific areas of the Empire and distributed subsequently in the provinces or outside the Roman borders are generally framed by scholars in the broad category of imports. However, there are multiple factors which can determine the presence of an object in a far-off region from the production site and based on the information offered by typology or discovery contexts it is not always possible to distinguish them. As a result, the issue of the luggage accompanying different individuals moving from one place to the other has received little attention in the archaeological literature of the Roman period. Such an approach is more than necessary given the different cultural, social, and economic mechanisms which determine the presence of a “foreign” object in a specific context. If an imported product is the result of established trade routes, an object which arrived in another region as part of somebody’s luggage indicates a different type of behavior and cannot be used as an indicator of trade directions established by the new “home” of the owner.

The organization of the north Danubian territories as a Roman province under the rule of Emperor Trajan determined the movement of different populations of the Empire, as well as military troops to this new territory. The archaeological traces left by these first colonists and soldiers can sometimes be identified inside settlements or forts. The presentation will focus on bronze and glass discoveries, coming mostly from the military sites of Dacia Porolissensis, which can be interpreted as items accompanying the first persons who inhabited the sites. The main criterion which will be taken into consideration is the production period of the objects and the fact that, very probably, they could not have been distributed as a result of active trade connections at the beginning of the 2^nd century AD.

15. Gică Băeștean

DESPRE ÎNCHEIEREA CELUI DE-AL DOILEA RĂZBOI DINTRE ROMANI ŞI DACI ŞI CONSECINŢELE ACESTUI EVENIMENT

16. Anca Timofan, George Bounegru

CANABAE LEGIONIS XIII GEMINAE/MUNICIPIUM SEPTIMIUM APULENSE – THE SOUTHERN SECTOR (ST. FRANCIS DE PAOLA RAVELINE)

Our presentation will focus on the archaeological research project carried in Apulum (Alba Iulia) between 2009 and 2011, inside the Vauban fortification, on the St. Francis de Paola Raveline. St. Francis of Paola Raveline is located in the southern area of the Austrian citadel between the bastions of Eugene of Savoy (Bastion Bethlen) and St. Stephen (Steinville), 135 m south from the porta principalis dextra of the Legio XIII Gemina’s fort. The project aimed to highlight the archaeological and historical potential of the area around the Legio XIII Gemina's fort, given that there were no extensive archaeological investigations to restore and preserve the remains of the Roman period.

The first campaign of systematic archaeological research at this point began in autumn 2009 and continued in 2010, by investigating the NNW side of the raveline. There were discovered two Roman buildings (C1, C2) whose walls have been unearthed after removing a substantial layer of Roman tiles belonging to the collapsed roof. It was discovered the SSV side of the buildings and several rooms. A street of large plates of greenish sandstone was discovered along the Roman buildings. A circular trace of reddish clay that indicates the existance of an cooking oven was discovered between the two buildings. A thick layer of charred seeds and burning debris from the clay oven walls were found at the same depth, surrounding two pillar bases and corresponding to the stepping level inside C1.Several fragments from a dolium were found in the same context. The dolium has a flaring horizontal rim and curved body decorated on top with incised horizontal bands alternating with wavy bands and it can be dated in the 2nd - 3rd centuries.The existence of this type of vessel in the context can be related with household activities carried out in the area near the legionary camp. The upper part (catillus) of a Roman flour millstone was found inside building C2 and also a fragment of a meta. The presence of numerous fragments of mortaria and a substantial amount of utilitarian pottery used in domestic and household activities indicate the character of production of food resources and supply for the legionary camp situated nearby. Also, inside the two houses, fragments of amphorae used for the storage of wine and olive oil were found. Among them, a fragment of painted amphora was found in the two house, parts for transport and storage amphora, including a fragment painted with the abbreviation of Legio XIII Gemina (titulus pictus).

On account of planimetric, technical and stratigraphy issues of the buildings and the characteristics of the archaeological material, it can be assumed that there are two Roman houses in the civilian area of the legion XIII Gemina camp, dating mainly from the end of the 2nd - first half of the 3rd century with a last phase of habitation after the half of the 3rd century represented by some later constructive arrangements. The archaeological contexts, the types of artifacts and archaeological material discovered here indicate a pronounced character of domestic production and supply activities. It can be assumed that they may belonged to Legio XIII Gemina’ s administration, functioning as an assurance point of food resources for soldiers in the legionary fort.

17. Mariana Egri, Anca Timofan, George Bounegru

TITULI PICTI ON DRESSEL 24 SIMILIS AMPHORAE FROM APULUM (ALBA IULIA, ROMANIA)

Preventive and systematic archaeological excavations carried out during the last decade in various locations from the modern times city of Alba Iulia (Alba County, Romania) have unearthed a number of amphora fragments belonging to the Dressel 24 similis type which bears tituli picti. These amphora fragments have been found in different contexts from the Municipium Septimium, the Colonia Aurelia and the canabae associated with the fort of the Legion XIII Gemina. Most of these contexts can be identified as regular urban dwelling structures, with only a few having different functions, like storage or religious ones.

All of these amphora fragments belong to the variant C of the Dressel 24 similis type, which was generally dated elsewhere in the Roman world between the beginning of the 1^st century and the first decades of the 3^rd century AD. Some recent studies have shown that this variant was mostly produced by a series of specialized workshops from the central Aegean area, notably at Chios and Erythrai. According to a handful of previously discovered tituli picti, olive oil was the main foodstuff transported in this kind of amphorae.

Most of the tituli picti identified on the Dressel 24 similis amphorae from Apulum are connected in one way or another with the supplying system of the Legion XIII Gemina, even if only a few were found in proper military-related contexts. Accordingly, the paper is going to discuss the impact of military olive oil supply on the local civilian one on the basis of these finds. One other related aspect which will also be taken into consideration is the gradual development of the regional olive oil supply networks servicing the Danubian Roman army in the 1^st and 2^nd century AD.

18. Ana Hamat

ABOUT CONQUERORS, CONQUERED AND JEWELRY IN THE I- II CENTURY AD. ON THE LOWER DANUBE AREA (WITH A SPECIAL REGARD ON ROMAN PROVINCES OF DACIA, MOESIA SUPERIOR AND INFERIOR)

Over the first two centuries, in the Roman provinces from the Lower Danube area,  we can observe many important changes which occurs in the art of jewelry. With the Roman conquest, in Dacia and in the two Moesias, we are witnessing to the introduction of a new line in art and fashion, reflected through finished products or by new trends that will connect the provinces with the art, religion and economy of the Empire. The first  effect of these new influences is represented by a change in the early- imperial style, which happens due to the general changes from the imperial art and also by the emergence of a new style, specific for this territory. The latter is defined, on one hand, by the preservation of local features, that will lead to the crystallization of a particular local provincial style in the area and even in Pannonia, and on the other hand by the Hellenistic influence, which is a very strong characteristic in the two Moesias. Alongside whit these specific features, the jewelry discovered in this area are quite remarkable by using roman fashion, especially polychrome style- marked by the combination of different colors and materials, and the aeration of the surface through various techniques, including the use of opus interrasile. These changes, highlight also the autochthonous  background, in which we can distinguishes both Hellenistic and Celtic influence, alongside wich, it will be imposed the Roman imperial goldsmiths traditions.

19. Carmen Ciongradi

DER ANFANG VON COLONIA DACICA SARMIZEGETUSA WIEDERSPIEGELT IN IHREN STEINMONUMENTEN IN DER HAUPTSTADT DAKIENS

Colonia Dacica Sarmizegetusa ist schon ab Trajan eine lokale Produktion von Steindenkmälern bewiesen, wie die architektonische Verzierung des trajanischen Forums beweist. Hinsichtlich der Grabmäler haben wir festgestellt, dass sich bis in die antoninische Zeit in Sarmizegetusa vereinzelte Einflüsse aus dem Donaulimes bemerkbar machten. Was die Weihemonumente betrifft, war die Produktion von Votivaltäre in der trajanisch-hadrianische Phase der Stadt niedrig, mindestens sind nur wenige Votivaltäre aus dieser Zeit ans Licht gekommen..

20. Emilian Bota

LE CHAPITEAU CORINTHIEN DANS LA PREMIÈRE MOITIÉ DU DEUXIÈME SIECLE EN DACIE

Dans la Dacie romaine le seul chapiteau corinthien daté, sans aucun doute, dans la première moitié du 1er siècle (à la fin du règne de Trajan et aux premières années d’Hadrien) vient de Sarmizegetusa.  Il s'agit d’un chapiteau corinthien  de pilastre qui a introduit un des premiers exemples de l’acanthe épineux spécifique des ateliers micro-asiatiques. Comme élément spécifique on remarquer l'existence d'une troisième feuille qui surgit derrière celles de la seconde rangée. Les autres chapiteaux du première moitié du 1er siècle ont été décorés avec des feuilles d’acanthus mollis.